DOC Treasures of the Spanish Main: Shipwrecked Galleons In The New World by John Christopher Fine in History

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World War II history writing at its best.” - Dallas Morning News “Schultz convey stories of individual courage and fear. He presents the Rapido crossing as part of an experience that changed lives utterly.” - Publishers Weekly “Well written; superbly documented and containing many helpful illustrations and maps; this fine book will appeal to military history enthusiasts of all ages.” - Read@MPL (Milwaukee Public Library) “Duane Schultz has written another powerful account of the Second World War.” - Daily News; Iron Mountain; Michigan “A fast-paced; dramatic account of World War II combat.” - Global War Studies “Crossing the Rapido is a fast-paced; dramatic account of World War II combat that provides a masterfully woven line-of-fire perspective in a vivid and compelling narrative” - ROBERT VON MAIER; Global War Studies“I have never seen so many dead as on that day.” - JOHN HUSTON; Academy Award winning director during his wartime filming of The Battle of San Pietro“Those of us who were present will always remember the men of the 36th; climbing silently in the night behind the enemy; armed with little but their American competence and a personal faith in their quiet; retiring general who had never let them down. If Generals Alexander and Clark received the key to the city of Rome; it was General Walker who turned the key and handed it to them.” - ERIC SEVAREID; reporting from Italy during World WarThe Rapido River was the last natural barrier between General Mark W. Clark’s Fifth U.S. Army and Rome. Ignoring intelligence reports that the Germans had significant forces protecting the opposite side of the river; Clark ordered the 36th Division to make a nighttime crossing on January 20; 1944. The division; already coming through some of the heaviest fighting in Italy; knew they could not succeed: they had to cross a fast-flowing river at night in bitter cold and face one of the strongest; most formidable German defensive lines in Europe; full of minefields; veteran troops; and withering artillery and mortar fire. Once in the water; men in full field gear were borne away by the current or vanished in massive explosions. The few who managed to reach the other side found themselves pinned down unable to move. Soldiers died by the hundreds; yet the stunned survivors who fell back to the launch site were ordered to attack again; this time in daylight. Of the 4;000 men who attempted the crossing; more than half did not return. General Clark never accepted blame for ordering the assault despite the numerous warnings he received from both British and American commanders. Although they were decimated; the division went on to lead a key surprise attack that opened Rome to Allied forces; and ultimately fought in France; where they had the distinction of capturing Hermann Goering and Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt. In Crossing the Rapido: A Tragedy of World War II; Duane Schultz follows the action at the ground level using survivors’ interviews and army documents to tell the story of one division’s sacrifice in war. In doing so; he demonstrates that the American soldier will face the greatest odds without protest; but expects those in command to share any failure or success._x000D_ During the American Revolution; espionage was critical to the successes and failures of both Continental and British efforts; and those employed in cloakand- dagger operations always risked death. While the most notorious episode of spying during the war—the Benedict Arnold affair—was a failure; most intelligence operations succeeded. Spycraft was no more wholly embraced than by the American commander-in-chief; George Washington. Washington relied on a vast spy network and personally designed sophisticated battle plan deceptions and counterintelligence efforts; some surprisingly modern in form. In Invisible Ink: Spycraft of the American Revolution; award-winning author John A. Nagy briefly traces the history of spy techniques from ancient China through Elizabethan England before embarking on the various techniques used by spies on both sides of the war to exchange secret information. These methods included dictionary codes; diplomatic ciphers; dead drops; hidden compartments (such as a hollowed-out bullet or a woman’s garter); and even musical notation; as well as efforts of counterintelligence; including “Black Chambers;” where postal correspondence was read by cryptologists. Throughout; the author provides examples of the various codes and ciphers employed; many of which have not been previously described. In addition; the author analyzes some of the key spy rings operating during the war; most notably the Culper ring that provided information to Washington from inside British-controlled New York City. Based on nearly two decades of primary research; including the author’s discovery of previously unrecognized spies and methods; Invisible Ink is a major contribution to the history of conflict and technology._x000D_ The Exploration for Real and Mythical Treasures in the AmericasFor half a millennium; stories of vast treasures—El Dorado; Manoa; the Seven Cities of Cibola; the Lost Dutchman Mine—have been part of the lore of the Americas. Long before the Europeans set foot in the New World; myths and rumors of fabulous wealth in distant lands; such as the kingdom of Prester John; were told and retold so often that they were assumed to be true. When Spanish explorers first made contact with the Aztec and Inca civilizations; they found cultures that were literally dripping with gold. This evidence made it easy to believe the native stories of even greater wealth just beyond the horizon. In these uncharted lands; dreamers sought their fortunes: Francisco de Coronado ranged over the North American plains in search of the elusive Quivira; Gonzalo Pizarro; brother of the Incan conqueror; and Lope Aguirre; the “Wrath of God;” were both part of ill-fated expeditions in search of El Dorado; and Leonard Clark walked out of the Amazon after World War II with gold and claimed he had found that fabled kingdom._x000D_ Immortalized in The Last of the Mohicans; the True Story of a Pivotal Battle in the British and French War for the North American ContinentThe opening years of the French and Indian War were disastrous for the British. In 1755 General Braddock’s troops were routed at the Battle of Monongahela and by the middle of 1756 Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario had fallen. Hindered by quarrelsome provincial councils; incompetent generals; and the redcoats’ inability to adapt to wilderness warfare; Britain was losing the war. In 1757 the 35th Regiment of Foot stepped into the breach. A poorly trained assortment of conscripts; old soldiers; and convicted criminals led by Lieutenant Colonel George Monro; the regiment was destined to take center stage in the most controversial event of the war. Fort William Henry on the southern shore of New York’s Lake George was a key fortification supporting British interests along the frontier with French America. Monro and his regiment occupied the fort in the spring of 1757 while Britain planned its attack on the key French fortress at Louisbourg; Nova Scotia. Learning that most of Britain’s military resources were allocated to Louisbourg; the French launched a campaign along the weakened frontier. French Commander Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and his American Indian allies laid siege to Fort William Henry; Monro could not hold out and was forced to surrender. As part of the terms; the British regiment; colonial militia; and their camp followers would be allowed safe passage to nearby Fort Edward. The French watched in horror; however; as their Indian allies attacked the British column after it left the fort; an episode that sparked outrage and changed the tactics of the war.Seen through the eyes of participants such as Louis Antoine de Bougainville; a scholarly young aide-de-camp; Jabez Fitch; an amiable Connecticut sergeant; and Kisensik; a proud Nipissing chief whose father once met Louis XIV in the marbled halls of Versailles; The Siege of Fort William Henry: A Year on the Northeastern Frontier uses contemporary newspaper reports; official documents; private letters; and published memoirs to bring the narrative to life. From Indian councils on the banks of the Saint Lawrence River and bustling military camps in northern New York to the narrative’s bloody denouement on the shores of Lake George; the reader is immersed in the colorful; yet brutal world of eighteenth-century northeastern America._x000D_ A Rediscovered History That Will Become Essential Reading for Civil War Studies The Artillery Service in the War of the Rebellion; 1861–65; is a comprehensive overview and analysis of the U.S. Army’s field artillery service in the Civil War’s principal battles; written by John C. Tidball; a distinguished artilleryman of the era. The overview; which appeared in the Journal of the Military Service Institution from 1891 to 1893; and nearly impossible to find today; examines the Army of the Potomac; including the battles of Fair Oaks; Gaines’s Mill; Mechanicsville; Malvern Hill; Antietam; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; and Gettysburg; the Army of the Tennessee; including the battles of Stones River and Chickamauga; and the Army of the Ohio’s battle of Shiloh. Tidball; a decorated Civil War veteran and superintendent of artillery instruction for the army; expertly presents the war through an artilleryman’s eyes in explaining the organization; equipping; and manning of the artillery service. His analysis highlights how the improper use of artillery; tying batteries down to relatively small infantry commands that diluted their firepower; seriously undermined the army’s effectiveness until reforms produced independent artillery commands that could properly mass artillery fire in battle.The Artillery Service in the War of the Rebellion; edited by historian Lawrence M. Kaplan and presented here in one volume for the first time; includes additional material from an unpublished paper Tidball wrote in 1905 which contains further insights into the artillery service; as well as a general overview of the Petersburg campaign. A major new discovery in Civil War scholarship; The Artillery Service in the War of the Rebellion contains essential information that will change earlier historical interpretations of key battles and will be essential reading for all those interested in the war or contemplating writing about it._x000D_ Nine Historians and Writers Investigate the Role of Cavalry in the War for IndependenceFrom the bitterly contested no-man’s-land between American and British lines in New York and New Jersey to the scorching pine forests of the South; the cavalry of both armies fought valiantly throughout the American Revolution. This volume explores several aspects of cavalry’s role in the war; which has often been overlooked in general histories. The topics covered include the development of the Continental Army’s cavalry arm; European influences on American cavalry training and tactics; accounts of several important cavalry raids and battles; and histories of mounted units such as the Continental Light Dragoons; American rangers in the South Carolina backcountry; and the British army’s Queen’s Rangers and “Black Dragoons;” the latter force composed entirely of former slaves. The essays also examine the roles of important commanders; including Brigadier General Francis “Swamp Fox” Marion; Lieutenant Colonel William Washington; and Colonel Anthony Walton White of the American army; and British cavalry leaders Banastre “Bloody Ban” Tarleton and John Graves Simcoe; as well as the American prisoners of war who switched sides and served in the “British Legion.” The authors of the essays include acclaimed military historians Gregory J. W. Urwin and Lawrence E. Babits. Readers with a general interest in military history; as well as those with more specific interests in the American Revolution or the history of the cavalry arm; and anyone who wishes to undertake further study of these subjects; will find the essays fresh; engaging; and informative._x000D_ Known to history as “Dunmore’s War;” the 1774 campaign against a Shawnee-led Indian confederacy in the Ohio Country marked the final time an American colonial militia took to the field in His Majesty’s service and under royal command. Led by John Murray; the fourth Earl of Dunmore and royal governor of Virginia; a force of colonials including George Rogers Clark; Daniel Morgan; Michael Cresap; Adam Stephen; and Andrew Lewis successfully enforced the western border established by treaties in parts of present-day West Virginia and Kentucky. The campaign is often neglected in histories; despite its major influence on the conduct of the Revolutionary War that followed. In Dunmore’s War: The Last Conflict of America’s Colonial Era; award-winning historian Glenn F. Williams describes the course and importance of this campaign. Supported by extensive primary source research; the author corrects much of the folklore concerning the war and frontier fighting in general; demonstrating that the Americans did not adopt Indian tactics for wilderness fighting as is often supposed; but rather used British methods developed for fighting irregulars in the woods of Europe; while incorporating certain techniques learned from the Indians and experience gained from earlier colonial wars. As an immediate result of Dunmore’s War; the frontier remained quiet for two years; giving the colonies the critical time to debate and declare independence before Britain convinced its Indian allies to resume attacks on American settlements. Ironically; at the same time Virginia militiamen were fighting under command of a king’s officer; the colony was becoming one of the leaders in the move toward American independence. Although he was hailed as a hero at the end of the war; Lord Dunmore’s attempt to maintain royal authority put him in direct opposition to many of the subordinates who followed him on the frontier; and in 1776 he was driven from Virginia and returned to England. _x000D_ “Company H;” the Classic Civil War Memoir in a New Edition; Completely Annotated for the First Time and Illustrated with Twenty-Four MapsCo. Aytch; or a Side Show of the Big Show is perhaps the finest memoir of an ordinary Confederate soldier. According to Margaret Mitchell; “a better book there never was.” Sam Watkins served in Company H of the First Tennessee Infantry for the duration of the Civil War. Remarkably; he survived some of the most intense battles of the war; including Shiloh; Chickamauga; Kennesaw Mountain; Atlanta; and Franklin. He was one of only seven of the original members of Company H when it surrendered in April 1865. Watkins’s memoir was written in the winter of 1882–83. The humor and depth of writing at times rises to a level resembling Mark Twain; thus; twenty-first-century readers can still discover the everlasting treasures of Private Sam Watkins’s story just as it was. It is this reason that excerpts were featured frequently in Ken Burns’s documentary on the Civil War. However; since most of Sam’s original readers—or some of their family members—actually lived through the Civil War; much of the context for the narrative was common knowledge. But what was once received history has gradually disappeared; and presently only specialists can fully understand and appreciate Sam’s tale.The chief aim for this new annotated edition of Co. Aytch—the first of its kind—is to amplify the experience for today’s readers by providing the missing context. Over 240 annotations clarify the situational backgrounds; personalities; and terminology that might not be familiar to most readers. The annotations also identify and explain errors mostly resulting from Sam’s occasionally faulty memory or limited perspective. Similarly; twentyfour battlefield and war theater maps enable readers to track Sam’s combat participation as well as his journeys while marching with the army. Finally fifteen photographs and prints illustrate some of the battles; people; towns; buildings; tools of war; and ruins that Sam witnessed. As someone once cleverly observed; “It’s not an adventure until something goes wrong.” If nothing else; Sam’s memoir is a foot soldier’s view of the resulting horrors; heroics; and healing humor when war planning routinely goes awry._x000D_ The Daring Raid to Kidnap a British General in Order to Gain Freedom for the Highest Ranking Continental Officer Captured During the American Revolution_x000D_ The Battles along the Rivers; Mountains; and in the Deep Woods of the South that Changed the Fate of Nations The American Revolution marked a dramatic change in the struggle for land along the southern frontier. In the colonial era; American Indian leaders and British offi cials attempted to accommodate the westward expansion of Anglo-Americans through land cessions designed to have the least impact on Indian societies. The region remained generally peaceful; but with the onset of the Revolution; the British no longer exercised sole authority to curb the settlements appearing within territory claimed by the Creeks; Shawnee; and most importantly; the Cherokee. Whether it was to escape the economic uncertainty of the east; the rigors of the confl ict; or the depredations of troops and militias on both sides; settlers fl ooded west. Under these conditions; the war in the south took on a savage character as Indians; Loyalists; and Whigs all desperately fought to defend their communities and maintain control of their own destinies. Taking advantage of the political turmoil in the east; the Cherokee Nation launched a coordinated offensive in 1776 against illegal frontier settlements. The Whigs responded with a series of expeditions from each of the Southern colonies that razed Cherokee towns and their food supplies. All the while; both British and Whig leaders walked a fi ne line: If the Indians attacked settlers without distinguishing between Loyalists and Whigs; those groups could unite and thwart both British and Indian interests; if the Indians attacked the western frontier with Loyalist and British support; the Whigs would face a two-front war—an event that ended up happening.In Dark and Bloody Ground: The American Revolution Along the Southern Frontier; Richard Blackmon uses a wealth of primary source material to recount the confl ict between American Indians and Anglo-Americans in the colonial South during one of the most turbulent periods of North American history. He explains the complex points of contact in Georgia; Kentucky; North Carolina; South Carolina; Tennessee; and Virginia between native groups and settlers; while revealing the political gamesmanship between rival British and Whig traders and offi cials to secure Indian loyalty. The author also explains the critical role of the southern frontier to the American victory; a victory achieved long after the decision at Yorktown. Before the war; clashes between Cherokee and Shawnee hunters in Kentucky had become so commonplace that it was known as a “dark and bloody ground.” With the rise in Anglo-American settlements there; led by Daniel Boone and others; the dark and bloody ground became a metaphor for the entire struggle for the Southern frontier._x000D_ The Sweeping Story of the Men and Women Who Fought to End Slavery in America“In his fast-paced and deeply researched To Raise Up a Nation; William S. King narrates the coming of the Civil War; the war itself; and the emancipation process; through the intertwined lives of John Brown and Frederick Douglass. King’s stimulating; well-written account draws upon telling anecdotes and pen portraits to document America’s dramatic story from Harper’s Ferry to Appomattox; a drama personified by the lives of Brown and Douglass.”—John David Smith; Charles H. Stone Distinguished Professor of American History; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; and author of Lincoln and the U.S. Colored TroopsDrawing on decades of research; and demonstrating remarkable command of a great range of primary sources; William S. King has written an important history of African Americans’ own contributions and points of crossracial cooperation to end slavery in America. Beginning with the civil war along the border of Kansas and Missouri; the author traces the life of John Brown and the personal support for his ideas from elite New England businessmen; intellectuals such as Emerson and Thoreau; and African Americans; including his confidant; Frederick Douglass; and Harriet Tubman. Throughout; King links events that contributed to the growing antipathy in the North toward slavery and the South’s concerns for its future; including Nat Turner’s insurrection; the Amistad affair; the Fugitive Slave law; the Kansas-Nebraska Act; and the Dred Scott decision. The author also effectively describes the debate within the African American community as to whether the U.S. Constitution was colorblind or if emigration was the right course for the future of blacks in America.Following Brown’s execution after the failed raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859; King shows how Brown’s vision that only a clash of arms would eradicate slavery was set into motion after the election of Abraham Lincoln. Once the Civil War erupted on the heels of Brown’s raid; the author relates how black leaders; white legislators; and military officers vigorously discussed the use of black manpower for the Union effort as well as plans for the liberation of the “veritable Africa” within the southern United States. Following the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1863; recruitment of black soldiers increased and by war’s end they made up nearly ten percent of the Union army; and contributed to many important victories.To Raise Up a Nation: John Brown; Frederick Douglass; and the Making of a Free Country is a sweeping history that explains how the destruction of American slavery was not directed primarily from the counsels of local and national government and military men; but rather through the grassroots efforts of extraordinary men and women. As King notes; the Lincoln administration ultimately armed black Americans; as John Brown had attempted to do; and their role was a vital part in the defeat of slavery._x000D_ For more than 150 years; the natural invasion route along the waterways of the Champlain and Richelieu valleys into northeastern North America was among the most fiercely contested in the history of the continent. Whether the French and their Indian allies attacking British forts and settlements during the Seven Years’ War; the American Continentals striking north into Canada during the American Revolution; or the British battling French and later American forces in these wars and the War of 1812; it was clear to policy makers in Quebec; London; Paris; Philadelphia; and Washington that whoever controlled this corridor and its lakes and rivers; controlled the heart of the continent. In By Wind and Iron: Naval Campaigns in the Champlain Valley; 1665–1815; Michael G. Laramie details the maritime history of this region from the first French fortifications along the Richelieu River in the late seventeenth century through the tremendous American victory over the British at the Battle of Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain in 1814. Using period letters; journals; and other primary source materials; the author examines the northeastern waterways and their tributaries within the framework of the soldiers and sailors who faced the perils of the campaigns; while at the same time clarifying the key role played by this region in the greater struggle for North America and American independence. In support of the narrative; the book also contains appendices that include after action reports from various fleet commanders; tables of fleet strengths; additional battle maps; a glossary; and a dictionary of lake warships with notes on vessel types; typical armament; construction; deployment; and fates._x000D_ While Confederate blockade runners famously carried the seaborne trade for the South during the American Civil War; the amount of Southern cotton exported to Europe was only half of that shipped illicitly to the North. Most went to New England textile mills where business “was better than ever;” according to textile mogul Amos Lawrence. Rhode Island senator William Sprague; a mill owner and son-in-law to Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase; was a member of a partnership supplying weapons to the Confederacy in exchange for cotton. The trade in contraband was not confined to New England. Union General William T. Sherman claimed Confederates were supplied with weapons from Cincinnati; while General Ulysses S. Grant captured Rebel cavalry armed with carbines purchased in Union-occupied Memphis. During the last months of the war; supplies entering the Union-controlled port of Norfolk; Virginia; were one of the principal factors enabling Robert E. Lee’s Confederate army to avoid starvation. Indeed; many of the supplies that passed through the Union blockade into the Confederacy originated in Northern states; instead of Europe as is commonly supposed. Merchants were not the only ones who profited; Union officers General Benjamin Butler and Admiral David Dixon Porter benefited from this black market. President Lincoln admitted that numerous military leaders and public officials were involved; but refused to stop the trade. In Trading with the Enemy: The Covert Economy During the American Civil War; New York Times Disunion contributor Philip Leigh recounts the little-known story of clandestine commerce between the North and South. Cotton was so important to the Northern economy that Yankees began growing it on the captured Sea Islands of South Carolina. Soon the neutral port of Matamoras; Mexico; became a major trading center; where nearly all the munitions shipped to the port—much of it from Northern armories—went to the Confederacy. After the fall of New Orleans and Vicksburg; a frenzy of contraband-for-cotton swept across the vast trans-Mississippi Confederacy; with Northerners sometimes buying the cotton directly from the Confederate government. A fascinating study; Trading with the Enemy adds another layer to our understanding of the Civil War._x000D_ Nine Rare and Fascinating First-Person Profiles of Soldiers Who Fought for the British Crown Much has been written about the colonists who took up arms during the American Revolution and the army they created. Far less literature; however; has been devoted to their adversaries. The professional soldiers that composed the British army are seldom considered on a personal level; instead being either overlooked or inaccurately characterized as conscripts and criminals. Most of the British Redcoats sent to America in defense of their government’s policies were career soldiers who enlisted voluntarily in their late teens or early twenties. They came from all walks of British life; including those with nowhere else to turn; those aspiring to improve their social standing; and all others in between. Statistics show that most were simply hardworking men with various amounts of education who had chosen the military in preference to other occupations. Very few of these soldiers left writings from which we can learn their private motives and experiences.British Soldiers; American War: Voices of the American Revolution is the first collection of personal narratives by British common soldiers ever assembled and published. Author Don N. Hagist has located first-hand accounts of nine soldiers who served in America in the 1770s and 1780s. In their own words we learn of the diverse population—among them a former weaver; a boy who quarelled with his family; and a man with wanderlust—who joined the army and served tirelessly and dutifully; sometimes faithfully and sometimes irresolutely; in the uniform of their nation. To accompany each narrative; the author provides a contextualizing essay based on archival research giving background on the soldier and his military service. Taken as a whole these true stories reveal much about the individuals who composed what was; at the time; the most formidable fighting force in the world._x000D_ A Relative of George Washington; the Greatest American-Born Cavalry Leader of the American Revolution “William Washington; perhaps the best American cavalry officer of the War of Independence; has yet to receive the recognition he merits. In this comprehensively researched volume; Daniel Murphy provides a detailed and engaging account of Washington’s life and battlefield exploits that restores this gifted commander to his rightful place among the outstanding military leaders of the Revolution.”—Jim Piecuch; author of “Light Horse Harry Lee” in the War for Independence “Murphy has combined all currently known written sources on William Washington with his vast experience as a mounted reenactor to produce a study of Nathanael Greene’s cavalryman. This is a very good read and sheds lights on a man who should be much better known.” —Lawrence E. Babits; author of A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens William Washington began the war as a captain of Virginia Militia; was commissioned a junior officer in the Continental Infantry; and slowly rose to field command in the Continental Light Dragoons where he built one of the hardest hitting cavalry regiments to serve in the war. His chief adversary Lord Cornwallis commented; “There could be no more formidable antagonist in a charge; at the head of his cavalry; than Colonel William Washington.” Despite his connection to the commander-in-chief; he suffered his fair share of setbacks; and his relationships varied with not only his legendary cousin George; but many well-known figures of the Revolution including; Henry Lee; Casimir Pulaski; Nathanael Greene; and Daniel Morgan. Relying largely on firsthand accounts and period letters; in William Washington: American Light Dragoon: A Continental Cavalry Leader in the War of Independence; author and avid equestrian Daniel Murphy blends these primary sources with his own working knowledge of period drill; tactics; and terrain to deliver a more complete view of William Washington’s actions throughout the conflict. This perspective traces the often overlooked role of cavalry in the American Revolution and sheds new light on many pivotal battles in of the war; including Trenton; Cowpens; Guilford Courthouse; Hobkirk’s Hill; and William Washington’s final action at Eutaw Springs._x000D_ “Don N. Hagist reevaluat[es] the sources and evidence of the wartime experiences of Hillard’s men. . . . It’s long overdue.”—Maureen Taylor; author of The Last Muster: Images of the Revolutionary War Generation During the Civil War that threatened to tear the United States apart came the realization that only a handful of veterans of the American Revolution still survived—men who had fought the war that created the nation. Six of these men were photographed and interviewed for a book by Reverend E. B. Hillard that appeared late in 1864. Their images have captivated generations since then; but—through a combination of faded memories and the interviewer’s patriotic agenda—the biographies accompanying these amazing photographs were garbled and distorted; containing information that ranged from inaccurate to implausible. Now for the first time the military careers of these men have been researched in detail using a wide range of primary sources. The result is a new perspective on the actual service of these soldiers; from enlistment to discharge; along with new details of their relatively quiet postwar lives. The Revolution’s Last Men presents the original biographical interviews published in 1864; pension depositions and other first-hand accounts given by each man later in life; and an up-to-date biography examining each soldier’s service and discussing the inaccuracies and uncertainties of the previously published accounts. To complement the photographs taken in 1864; original drawings depict the men as they may have appeared when they were soldiers; using current research on military artifacts and material culture. Also included are additional photographs of some of the men that were not part of the 1864 collection but taken when their