“Dazzling and instructive . . . [a] magisterial new book.†—Walter Isaacson; Time Henry Kissinger offers in World Order a deep meditation on the roots of international harmony and global disorder. Drawing on his experience as one of the foremost statesmen of the modern era—advising presidents; traveling the world; observing and shaping the central foreign policy events of recent decades—Kissinger now reveals his analysis of the ultimate challenge for the twenty-first century: how to build a shared international order in a world of divergent historical perspectives; violent conflict; proliferating technology; and ideological extremism.There has never been a true “world order;†Kissinger observes. For most of history; civilizations defined their own concepts of order. Each considered itself the center of the world and envisioned its distinct principles as universally relevant. China conceived of a global cultural hierarchy with the emperor at its pinnacle. In Europe; Rome imagined itself surrounded by barbarians; when Rome fragmented; European peoples refined a concept of an equilibrium of sovereign states and sought to export it across the world. Islam; in its early centuries; considered itself the world’s sole legitimate political unit; destined to expand indefinitely until the world was brought into harmony by religious principles. The United States was born of a conviction about the universal applicability of democracy—a conviction that has guided its policies ever since.Now international affairs take place on a global basis; and these historical concepts of world order are meeting. Every region participates in questions of high policy in every other; often instantaneously. Yet there is no consensus among the major actors about the rules and limits guiding this process or its ultimate destination. The result is mounting tension.Grounded in Kissinger’s deep study of history and his experience as national security advisor and secretary of state; World Order guides readers through crucial episodes in recent world history. Kissinger offers a unique glimpse into the inner deliberations of the Nixon administration’s negotiations with Hanoi over the end of the Vietnam War; as well as Ronald Reagan’s tense debates with Soviet Premier Gorbachev in ReykjavÃk. He offers compelling insights into the future of U.S.–China relations and the evolution of the European Union; and he examines lessons of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Taking readers from his analysis of nuclear negotiations with Iran through the West’s response to the Arab Spring and tensions with Russia over Ukraine; World Order anchors Kissinger’s historical analysis in the decisive events of our time.Provocative and articulate; blending historical insight with geopolitical prognostication; World Order is a unique work that could come only from a lifelong policy maker and diplomat.
#146636 in Books Jerry Brotton 2014-10-28 2014-10-28Original language:EnglishPDF # 1 8.89 x 1.22 x 6.00l; 1.00 #File Name: 0143126024544 pagesA History of the World in 12 Maps
Review
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful. Not light reading Only if maps are of special interest to youBy PhredafBottom Line First: 3.5 stars rounded up. Jerry Brotton’s A History of the World in 12 Maps (paperback edition) has an interesting but narrow hypothesis. His intent is to limit his discussion to just world maps and thereby artificially promote his belief. I accept his argument that maps reflect the purpose of the map maker but I am not sure that his conclusion is as significant as he does. 12 Maps gave me a lot of history and a lot to think about. The writing tends to be ponderous. This makes it hard to be sure who he is speaking to. The style is not academic nor particularly inviting to a general reader. For me; tugging through Brotton’s book was worth it. I am not sure what readers will most enjoy his book.The central thesis of A History of the World in 12 maps is that maps; and especially world maps are heavily reflective of the times and purposes of the both the map maker and the spirit and philosophy of their times. The earliest Western maps; mostly represented by the mapaemundi can be thought of as maps made to illustrate the prevailing belief in the Holy Trinity as being mirrored by a cruciform image of the earth. By the 3rd map we are introduced to the political map; drawn closer to a modern form but serving the imperial and diplomatic needs of the earth bound governments in Asia and later dividing the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal. Eventually map will be designed to serve commercial needs and even humanitarian ones.By the time Brotton discusses the important maps designed in France and the Netherlands; he concludes an earlier argument that there can never be a 100% accurate; flat; world map and that the best humans can do is make and remake new maps as humans change the geography of the planet and new methods are developed to portray geography.If we strictly limit ourselves to world maps produced for official purposes; to stand church based illustrations or submitted for government negotiations; it is not hard to accept that these maps have no day to day practical function. That they reflect prevailing beliefs and the needs of the institutions that sponsors them seems; if only upon reflection; obvious. Brotton makes no mention of the types of navigational charts that traders and sailors would have needed to cross the Asians grasslands or the Mediterranean Seas. I do not remember much discussion of maps in the works of Cesare; but it is an old Army truism that geography is fate. It is hard to believe that there was no one producing the kinds of maps that were designed to give navigators local or regional maps to serve the less exhausted purposes such as marking out the location and frequency of safe water along desert trades routes or safe harbors for ships crossing the Indian Ocean.If we limit ourselves to just these maps; this question goes unanswered. The absence of this answer itself invokes a larger discussion that Brotton could have productively addressed. Initially Brotton gives himself an out by declaring his examples limited to world maps. But many of his maps are not. The wonderful maps of Napoleonic France; reflecting Cassinni surveys and Capitaine skills are wonderful. But they were intended to be maps of France. They helped Napoleon’s General to plan their movements; if only those maneuvers conducted in France; again begs the question: what had been generals been doing before Cassinni?When Brotton discusses Mercator; we are suddenly presented with the fact that there had been a number of projections developed before the Mercator projection. When? By Who? For what purpose? Why are these maps not important if we are to understand the relationships between maps and the societies that created the need for them?In terms of the production of the book; there was a convention in book publishing that discussions of illustration in the book should be referenced. The description of the floor maps in the Amsterdam Town Hall; should direct the reader to Illustration 37. The absence of this kind of help tends to make it hard to know that a particular map is illustrated in the book and where to find it. Too often important maps are not illustrated.A delicious speculation by Brotton is that the map makers of the time can to accept the name America as an act of political correctness. Brotton retells the problems with and the understanding of Amerigo Vespucci’s naming rights to the New World. Almost every aspect of these claims can now be regarded as doubtful. His contemporaries were clearly not unanimous in there their support for his primacy; but they may have given over the argument rather than place themselves in awkward positions between rival religious and national claims against naming rights.dg4 of 4 people found the following review helpful. Recommended for anyone who likes the history of maps and how they shaped the worldBy C. ReinI bought this book specifically for my boyfriend. He had already read part of it after borrowing it from the library when it first became popular; but it was in such high demand; that he wasn't allowed to check it out again until after a waiting list had gone through it first. My boyfriend now has his own copy and can read it at his leisure. He is really into maps and history; so he really liked the book - hence my reason for buying it for him.I would recommend this book for anyone who likes history; particularly history that influenced how maps were drawn up or how country borders were created; destroyed; and rebuilt/moved after huge events like wars. I definitely feel like twelve maps alone is not enough to really delve into a full account of “the history of the worldâ€. European countries alone itself have changed country borders hundreds of times; so I think they should’ve renamed the book as if it was more like one of a set and just keep it to a specific era or range of years. They could’ve also made more money that way having a set of books rather than just one.I like the cover image of the book; but I myself am really into old style maps; so maybe I’m biased on that. I would’ve preferred there to be a lot more actual images of the maps in the book and better quality. It would’ve also been interesting to see each map as drawn by someone in a different country to compare the differences in cartography throughout the ages as well.172 of 183 people found the following review helpful. Better titled "The History of 12 Maps"By Robert JohnstonFirst paragraph ... I winced at the author's overwrought narrative style ... too many adjectives; adverbs and thesaurus derivatives ... too little Strunk White editing. I'm perfectly comfortable reading overly complicated narrative but it wastes time wading through it ... I can't help being irritated by the style and so risk missing the substance.If you can get past the overwrought writing style; you might think that the cartographer author would have taken a lesson from his own history and replaced words with sketches and notes. Every map discussed would be improved by the authors own sketch rather than 1000 words. One would expect a map book to be well illustrated but this one is not. The 5' long Hereford Mappa Mundi for example is deconstructed in narrative fashion. If the author had photographed his chosen maps ... imaged them with the best camera available... and then described them with side by side sketches; translations and notes; the book would be 100% better.Cartography is a reading hobby for me and there are better books. The 12 maps the author chose are interesting; but by comparison; the author makes much ado ... way to much ado; over these.I paid $26 for the book expecting quality maps illustrations and drawings as Kindle doesn't do maps well. As there are so few maps in this hardback; and the few maps that are here are dark; illegible; and downright terrible ... if you think that you must read the book; save the hardcopy money; buy the Kindle and use wiki to bring in the higher fidelity original images this author should have included in his book.p.s. I write reviews to help consumers cut through the publishers representations and call the book as I see it. The "no" vote this review got the day after I wrote it is typical of the publisher/author money making side of the transaction punishing a less than flattering review and hiding behind an anon "No" vote with no comments. These aren't going to make the work any better. I would have preferred to write a glowing review that might attract more readers to this arcane subject. But ... I said it's "OK" ... it' is just as easily tipped to 2 stars= I don't like it but give it the benefit of doubt because I want to see more authors writing great books in this genre.
